Keywords
gingival biotype
gingival thickness
gingival phenotype
tooth shape
How to Cite
Abstract
Introduction
Gingival thickness is an important parameter in predicting outcomes of dental treatment in general, and restorative procedures in particular.
Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate gingival biotype in Congolese subjects and to determine its relationship with age, gender, and tooth shape.
Methods
This cross-sectional study included 129 periodontally healthy subjects aged 18–50 years with bilateral maxillary central incisors in normocclusion. Gingival biotype was classified as thin or thick using the probe transparency method. Tooth (crown) shape was also recorded. Fisher’s exact test and the chi-square test were used for statistical analysis.
Results
Females predominated in the sample (58.9%), and the mean age was 24.6 ± 8.2 years. Thick gingival biotype was the most prevalent (55%). The square/square-tapered tooth shape was the most common morphology (62.8%). Participants with square/square-tapered tooth shape were predominant in both males (54.7%) and females (68.4%) compared with those with triangular tooth form. No significant association was found between gingival biotype and age (χ² = 0.089, p = .765) or gender (χ² = 0.177, p = .674). In contrast, a significant association was found between tooth shape and gingival biotype (χ² = 31.875, p < .001).
Conclusions
Thick gingival biotype was predominant, and gingival phenotype appears closely linked to tooth morphology. These findings highlight the clinical importance of integrating tooth morphology into periodontal assessment and treatment planning, given its potential influence on tissue response and therapeutic outcomes.
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